RESONANCE INSIGHT
Very few cities so far mandate all-electric. Most only require energy reporting or efficiency
levels that a good gas unit already meets.
Where mandates do exist, most cover municipal buildings only. Privately owned offices, hotels
and apartment blocks are untouched.
Only three of the six require all-electric in privately owned buildings. San Francisco covers new build and major renovation. Seattle covers new build, and hotels and apartment blocks when the hot water system is replaced. Denver covers new build, and replacement only where an electric alternative proves cost effective.
Only one of the three has no way out. Seattle lets a building keep gas if it buys enough efficiency credits. Denver bars gas water heaters but still allows the gas boilers that serve the same load. San Francisco has no equivalent exit.
What triggers the rule matters more than how many buildings it covers. A city that requires electric
when equipment breaks down reaches four to six times more buildings a year than one that only applies to new construction.
A heat pump requirement does not mean the gas comes out. Codes typically allow existing gas
plant to stay as back-up or to meet peak demand.
Some cities have scrapped their mandates. One repealed its rule and backdated the repeal.
SOURCES READ
State statutes and preemption law
Municipal and state energy codes
City ordinances and by-laws
Mayoral executive orders
Administrative policies and procedures
Procurement and facilities standards
Court opinions and filings
Agency compliance reports